Metabolism and Energy Essay - 849 Words

Metabolism is defined the sum of all chemical reactions which occurs and are involved in sustaining life of a cell, and thus an organism. Metabolism is of the following two types: catabolism and anabolism. In catabolism, molecules break down producing energy During anabolism, synthesis of essential compounds needed by the cells are produced (such as DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis). Bioenergetics describes the metabolic pathways by which a cell obtains energy. Nutrition science studies the relation between food substance and living things. The study deals with: 1) Body requirements of various substances. 2) The function of various substances in body. 3) The amount of the substances needed. 4) The lower levels below which health gets†¦show more content†¦MECHANISM OF ATP SYNTHESIS Energy metabolism is the process by which living cells obtain energy and use them to live, grow and reproduce. Energy is released when the chemical bonds of the nutrient molecules break and form high energy compounds such as ATP. ATP is the main chemical energy carrier in all the cells. ATP synthesis can occur by two mechanisms: 1) Synthesis from ADP and inorganic phosphate that takes place in mitochondrion. 2) Synthesis by transfer of high energy phosphoryl groups from high energy compounds to ADP. The synthesis occurs in both mitochondrion and in cytoplasm. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: THE MAIN MECHANISM OF ATP SYNTHESIS IN MOST HUMAN CELLS In the metabolic reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions are very essential for ATP synthesis. The electrons removed in the oxidation are transferred to two major electron carrier enzymes. The electrons are transported through protein complexes in present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complexes contain attached chemical groups which are capable of accepting or donating one or more electrons. The protein complexes are known as the electron transfer system (ETS). The ETS allow distribution of the free energy between reduced coenzymes and the O2. The ETS is associated with proton (H+) pumping from the mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space of the mitochondria. TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE (TCA) The tricarboxylic acid cycle is known as Krebs cycle, named after SirShow MoreRelatedAnatomy and Physiology - Energy Metabolism1339 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Unit 5: Anatomy and Physiology (P4) Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body In this task I am going to discuss the three systems involved in energy metabolism in the body. The chemical equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + O2 = E + CO2 + H2O OR Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water In order to release energy we need glucose which is a simple carbohydrate that is produced after digestion of food and we also need oxygenRead MoreUnit 5 Energy Metabolism2166 Words   |  9 PagesUnit 5 Outcome 2 – Energy Metabolism Booklet The Respiratory System The respiratory system consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. These provide a passageway to allow air in and out of the body. Every cell in the body requires oxygen to survive. The primary function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases. The respiratory system allows oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, this is necessary to sustain life. 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Once the plant has translated the sun’s energy into chemical energy it then releases that energy and makes it readilyRead MoreStudy of Oxygen Consumption to Measure Energy Metabolism in Mammals1510 Words   |  7 PagesStudy of Oxygen Consumption to Measure Energy Metabolism in Mammals Brianne Simonsen Lab Section 8 4 Oct. 2005 Abstract In this experiment the oxygen consumption of a mouse in environments of varying temperatures was studied. The hypothesis behind this experiment was that more oxygen would be consumed at a lower temperature to maintain body heat. To measure the rate of oxygen consumption a mouse was given a specific amount of oxygen. The amount consumed in a specific time was measured andRead MoreA Research On Energy Beyond Our Body s Metabolism1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermine energy and oxygen consumption. We ran for hours on treadmills as instruments measured our metabolism. We learned to tap our in the zone mode at will, instead of waiting for a burst of adrenaline. The effort continued for weeks. We confirmed the existence of non-physical, Psionic Energy beyond doubt. The scientists agreed it was a reasonable scientific theory. They went to great lengths to exclude potential flaws in the testing. We failed to tap energy beyond our body s metabolism. We suspectedRead MoreExplain the Physiology of Two Named Body Systems in Relation to Energy Metabolism in the Body1053 Words   |  5 PagesExplain The Physiology Of Two Named Body Systems In Relation To Energy Metabolism In The Body I am going to explain the physiology of the respiratory and cardiovascular system in relation to the energy metabolism in the body. Energy metabolism is where the nutrients oxygen and glucose are took in and delivered the organs. Energy is needed in order for our body to be able to function. Energy helps break down molecules and to build new molecules. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart,Read Moreâ€Å"Explain the Physiology of Two Named Body Systems in Relation to Energy Metabolism in Your Body†1390 Words   |  6 PagesPhysiology for Health and Social Care Assignment 3 Body Systems and their role in Energy Metabolism and The Inter-relationship between Body Systems Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care Assignment 3 Body Systems and their role in Energy Metabolism and The Inter-relationship between Body Systems â€Å"Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in your body† Cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system has many differentRead MoreP4 - explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body2104 Words   |  9 Pagesof cardiovascular system on metabolism The cardiovascular system provides our cells with oxygen and nutrients, this is so we can get energy. The relationship between the cardiovascular system and metabolism is â€Å"inextricable†, we wouldn’t be able to get nutrients form out food, or oxygen from the air we breathe. The cardiovascular system has to provide oxygenated blood to the rest of the body at a constant speed and in order for this speed to maintain we need enough energy which has to be produced by

The Reasons For Adolf Hitler s Rise Of Power As The...

The reasons for Adolf Hitler’s rise to power as the Chancellor of Germany in January 1933, as the leader of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP or Nazi party), have been widely studied and debated. There are numerous biographies about Hitleras hundreds, if not thousands, of people attempt to discover new information to understand just how he was able to become such a powerful figure. It can be argued that Hitler was a key factor in starting the Second World War and he was certainly accountable for the millions of deaths that occurred in his death camps. It is for these reasons that so many people are fascinated by his incredible rise to power and why it is vital to understand how extremist parties have gained support in the past as they still exist, and can thrive, in the present. As the recent economic recession in the United Kingdom has demonstrated, there has been a small rise in support for far right and left wing parties, whilst countries, such as No rth Korea, are still run by totalitarian governments. Germany was facing a far worse economic crisis in 1933 than the UK’s recession that begun in 2008, and it was at this time that Hitler, after years of campaigning, was appointed Chancellor by President Hindenburg in an attempt to maintain democracy. This leads to the research question to what extent did the Great Depression Contribute to Hitler’s rise to power? Other contributing factors to Hitler’s rise to power include the terms of the Treaty ofShow MoreRelatedHow Did Hitler Become Chancellor in 1933?1659 Words   |  7 PagesHow did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933? Many events took place, leading to the rise of Hitler and his Nazi party. There was the growing unpopularity of the Weimar Republic, the federal republic established in 1919. At the same time, Hitler and his political party, the ‘Deutsche Arbeiterpartei’, commonly referred to as the Nazis (National Socialist German Workers’ Party) became more and more popular under the rule of their leader, Adolf Hitler. This rise to popularity was the effect of Hitler’sRead MoreHitler Taking Control Of Germany. Thesis: Hitler Gained1543 Words   |  7 PagesHitler Taking Control of Germany Thesis: Hitler gained control of Germany by promoting German nationalism, and using inhuman forms of punishment to stop his opponents. Adolf Hitler is a name that, when you hear it, images of the Holocaust, gas chambers, the Nazi Party and World War II come to mind (Weaver). Nearly six million jews died between 1939-1945. But what was the holocaust? The holocaust took place between 1938 and 1945. It was the state-sponsored genocide of six million Jews, in additionRead MoreAdolf Hitler As A Leader Of Nazi Germany1677 Words   |  7 PagesAdolf Hitler once said â€Å"It is more difficult to fight against faith than against knowledge† (â€Å"30 Eye Catching Hitler Quotes.). In a dictatorship there is one ruler who is in charge of everything in the nation in which he/she rules. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau am Inn. Hitler also known as Fà ¼hrer; he was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and served as dictator from 1934 to 1945. Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany, he was one of the initial causes which triggeredRead MoreAdolf Hitler : Leading The Genocide1182 Words   |   5 PagesAdriana Flores Mrs.Harrington English 2; Per. 5 23 March 2015 Adolf Hitler: Leading the Genocide The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime in 1941 to 1945. There are many components of this significant event. One important component was Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party and Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Hitler contributed to the execution of Jews during WWII through his ideology, his dictatorship, and his leadership of the Nazi Party. To initiateRead MoreFailures Of Adolf Hitler1616 Words   |  7 PagesAdolf Hitler is one of the most notorious villains in all of history for his unspeakable crimes against humanity, but how he came to be so powerful is not often known. He effectively attained utmost power through both self-activation, and his ability to acclimate to the social conditions posed in Germany at this time. Hitler rose to sovereignty on the strength of his personality and vision, and through a tactic called coercive power. His followers swore allegiance to him and no one else. Adolf HitlerRead MoreGenocide : A Complex Item1569 Words   |  7 Pageswhat the power of their government is. The purpose of keeping the civilians in order is so that there are no uprisings, or rebellions. But Adolf Hitler had no interest in keeping his population down, or preventing a rebellion. Hitler was solely concerned with destroying a population because he felt that it was necessary to exterminate the Jewish, and other undesirable races, because they were affecting the Germans way of life. Adolf Hitler was a very greedy and manipulative man. Hitler would doRead MoreA Book On Adolf Hitler1274 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review for Adolf Hitler In this jaw dropping biography of Adolf Hitler, the reader experiences a full life tale of an extraordinary man. However, the word extraordinary is used in a context of pure evil as this dictator was the result of millions of deaths across Europe. As Adolf Hitler has now become one of the most famous military leaders to have walked this earth, Toland created this book that has become one of the best biographies of the twentieth century. Adolf Hitler was born on AprilRead MoreThe Holocaust : Cruel Slaughter Of The Jews1487 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler had way too much power and he used that position of excessive power to nearly destroy the Jews. After World War I Germany was given harsh penalties by the Western Alliance and these penalties made living one’s daily life in Germany a struggle. â€Å"The leaders of the allies drew up this treaty to purposely revenge and weaken Germany† (The Truth About Hitler’s Rise To Power, n.d.). With such harsh penalties it was nearly impossible for Germany to recover after WorldRead MoreHitler s Rise Of Power1716 Words   |  7 PagesWhat or even who was accountable for Hitler’s rise to power? Many believe that there was only one contributing factor for his rise to power. Some state that Hitler could not have risen to power in any other than Germany, implying that he was nothing more than a product of German culture. From others perspective they believe that Hitler made himself dictator by means of his political genius. And yet still theirs others that profess it was the weak democratic government of the Weimar Republic or Germany’sRead MoreMathew Milby. English Iv. Mrs. Tyree. March 28, 2017. Adolf1071 Words   |  5 PagesMilby English IV Mrs. Tyree March 28, 2017 Adolf Hitler a Great Leader? A great leader firstly should be able to take full advantage of favorable circumstances, able to rule the country under a chaotic situation. Hitler made attractive promises to gain popular support, he was skilled in using propaganda and amoral. Hitler may have killed millions of people but his leading skills were outstanding even if he used them for the wrong reasons. Adolf Hitler was one of the 20th century’s most powerful

Venture Management Customer Value Proposition

Question: Discuss about theVenture Management for Customer Value Proposition. Answer: In the context of customer value proposition pertaining to the product, it can be construed that these tend to be primarily the marketing propositions facilitating potential reasons for consumers to prefer its products [1]. The major propositions tend to include the unique properties and characteristics of the product or service. In case of Signature Learning Experiences (SLE) it can be construed that the notions of facilitating idea creation, team building and feasibility analysis are aimed at attracting prospective student into the program. The experience that is represented through SLE reiterates upon the internal development of skills pertaining to creativity, leadership and judgements. Key Performance Indicators: In terms of determining the different set of relevant factors that are to be considered as key performance indicators (KPI), it is pertinent to note that the product, services, or programs that organisations tend to offer[2]. Moreover, selection of KPI also requires understanding the inherent properties of the services or products as well the medium through which the product or service is facilitated to the clients. In case of the SLE, the key performance indicators shall have to be performance of participants; this is to be coupled with the ability of the participants in the venture in undertaking different set of projects and the manner and efficiency with which such projects are to be undertaken. Moreover, the degree of utility that participants in the program tend to derive out of such program can be judged by the rankings and grades that they get and the propensity of developing a new business or the ability to rectify an old business. Moreover, the students ability to undertake assignments and the manner in which he/she is able to comprehend the problem and mitigate the degree of risk can be construed to be a part of KPI. Figure 1: Value curve Talent Management Challenges: Human resources are essentially complex in nature and tend to vary based upon demographical, sociological and cultural context. It is relevant to nurture the talent acquires in terms of human capital pertaining to an organisation. In terms of challenges pertaining to talent management, the primary challenge tends to be the getting the optimum contribution out of each resource[3]. Moreover, identification of issues that primarily constrain such individuals from providing the desired degree of performance is a relevant factor in talent management. In case of SLE, it is pertinent to note that issues pertaining to talent management come from the fact that responsiveness to instruction and learning varies from individual to individual. The same form of learning that is facilitated on an even basis in the SLE program can have different effect upon its participants. In order to resolve such issues, it is pertinent that SLE program has a set of contingency plans such as additional counseling or assistance in case a participant in the venture is unable to perform properly or is unable to resolve issues. References and Bibliography: Foss, Nicolai J., and Christian Knudsen.Towards a competence theory of the firm. Vol. 2. Routledge, 2013. Gong, Y., Janssen, M. (2012). From policy implementation to business process management: Principles for creating flexibility and agility.Government Information Quarterly,29, S61-S71. Jenkins, W., Williamson, D. (2015).Strategic management and business analysis. Routledge. Tarakci, Murat, Nufer Yasin Ates, and Bill Wooldridge. "Performance Feedback and Middle Managers Divergent Strategic Behavior."Academy of Management Proceedings. Vol. 2015. No. 1. Academy of Management, 2015.

Justin Bieber Strategic and Marketing Mangement free essay sample

The music Industry In North America Is constantly flourishing with new up-and- coming artists. After conducting a Porters Five Forces analysis (Appendix AY), It Is clear that the music industry has accepted and adapted to technological change bringing forth more effective avenues for artists to express themselves.The primary objective for most aspiring musicians is to gain the attention of major record labels, ho can provide the financial support needed to gain widespread exposure and promotion. In recent years, social media platforms have become the most desirable platforms for musicians to interact with fans and promote their music. The music industry has been dominated by a few major record labels which consist of Sony Music Entertainment, universal Music Group, and Warner Music Group. These major labels vie for market share each year by searching for new talent that can appeal to the mainstream and generate the largest amounts of revenue. We will write a custom essay sample on Justin Bieber: Strategic and Marketing Mangement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In recent years many emerging artists have utilized dealt mediums such as Youth and Twitter to build a sizable fan base and become more attractive for major labels. Iii notable artists such as Mac Miller and Mackerel to remain independent. By understanding the forces that drive change in the music industry, artists can create strategies that portray them in a way reflective of mainstream musical interests. History of Justine Bibber Born on March 1, 1994 in London, Ontario, Canada, Justine Bibber was born and raised in a single parent home that struggled to make ends meet.He grew an interest in music at age four, as his mothers friends would often play music during their visits here to Patties Mallets small apartment. Justine Bibber demonstrated a natural talent towards various instruments and began singing various tunes by the age of eight. As family and friends began to realize his singing ability Page 13 many encouraged him to Join local singing competitions in Stratford, Ontario where he lived. After earning recognition and accolades, Justine and his mother Patties began posting videos to Youth for the purpose of family and friend enjoyment. These ideas soon grabbed the attention of thousands and sparked a phone call from sessions manager from Atlanta named Scooter Braun. After relentless pursuit, Scooter convinced Patties and Justine to fly out and meet him in Georgia to discuss a potentially career changing meeting with Usher. After months of wait and even interest from Justine Timberline, Bibber had the chance to perform for Usher and was later signed to an Islands Records recording contract offer by label executive L. A. Reid. Vi The co-sign from Usher provided the needed credibility and mentors to help launch a successful career for Justine Bibber.Career Highlights Bribers first single, One Time, went certified platinum in Canada after its release in May 2009. His album titled, My World sold 137,000 copies within a week of hitting stores and in early 2010 Bibber broke into the Billboard Top 10 with his hit song Baby, which featured rapper and song artist Ludicrous. The album My World 2. 0 also went certified platinum and brought forth additional #1 songs such as Somebody to Love featuring Usher and Nine Minnie featuring Sean Kingston. Ii In 2011, manager Scooter Braun decided to show the world where his young sensation was birthed from and the hard work Justine had put into to attain the global success. They choose to create a AD movie with producer and director John Chug called Never Say Never, which would be based on behind the scenes footage and Childhood video clips that his fans had never seen before. The movie earned more than $73 million at the box office and was extremely successful in changing the perceptions of many adults who believed he was a fabricated product.In November 2011, Justine released a Christmas album, Under the Mistletoe, accompanied by the lead single Mistletoe, which helped earn him his third #1 album. Justine Bibber then released Page 14 is highly anticipated fourth album called Believe, which was to represent his acoustic version, which marked his fifth #1 album and would continue to drive the success of lead singles, Boyfriend, As Long as You Love Me, Beauty and the Beat, and Right Here. The album has attained sales of approximately 17 million and continues to have its presence felt across the world.Furthermore, Justine Bribers concert tours have recei ved great acclaim as all shows have been sold out and been classified as an entertainment spectacle by attendees. It is clear that Justine has close sees to his lower class upbringing as he has made it a priority to give back to many charities, specifically Pencils of Promise, which looks to provide educational Infrastructure in the third world. Ix Evolution of Content Every artist must go through changes in both their imagery and music content to evolve to changing consumer trends.Initially, Bibber produced content that attracted strong female fan base, expressing his talent through songs about love and relationships. This niche positioning allowed him to establish a distinct personality and image that separated him from most modern pop artists. However, most recently, Bibber has tailored his music towards a more mainstream sound that has appealed to a wider demographic. X Being able to adapt to a changing environment has allowed Bibber to remain one of the most iconic music stars in modern time.His evolution and adaptability has been one of the key factors to his success, and will continue to be a determinant of his growth as an artist. Marketing Tactics Receiving support and guidance from his mentor Usher, Bibber was able to position himself as a teen heartthrob, as consumers recognized the alignment between himself and a more Page 15 successful, established, R icon. In addition, Bibber was one of the first artists to launch his career through the means of social media, as opposed to marketing his brand through more traditional methods. I Bibber proved his authenticity, both as an artist and a philanthropist, through the use of Backbone, Twitter, and Mainstream. Reese forums provided Bibber with an opportunity to connect with his fans, granting them a transparent view of his lifestyle and daily activity. Bibber has become one of the most genuine celebrities, as he is unafraid to express his individualism. However, his particular attitude has generated negative media exposure, as Bibber fails to recognize the scope of his most recent outbursts and the power that the media has on shaping the perceptions of consumers.Recent Problems Celebrities often have to deal with their personal problems being magnified by the media. For Bibber, management of his image is crucial, as his main audience consists of impressionable younger females whose parents con stantly monitor their entertainment consumption. Recent problems, such as wearing overalls to address the Canadian Prime Minister, rumors of cheating on his former girlfriend Selene Gomez, his assault on the paparazzi, his defiance against the Grammas, his scandal neighbor, have caused uproar among stakeholders of his brand. Ii Also, his recent associations with the hip-hop community and rapper Bee Major have given him a more urban image that does not resonate well with his current fan base. Continuing to brand himself as an aggressive, rebellious, teenager will be detrimental to the persona that he has built, and a proper strategic marketing plan must be put in place to restore his image and help better manage his entertainment brand. Page 16 Problem Statement: After a careful analysis of Justine Bribers history, combined with an assessment of his current position in pop culture, we have identified an obstacle in evolving his brand. He pop icon could potentially risk losing his relevance in the music industry, through saturation of his core fan base, by failing to resolve a clash between traditional pop culture ideology and growing expression of his individualism. Alternative One: Replicating the Formula of preceding Pop Stars Pop culture is associated with commercial products that spread from local levels of awareness to exposure on global scales for widespread access. Essentially it is ever changing, and forces the product or artist, to latch on to current trends in the marketplace to mitigate the risk of irrelevancy. The alternative is suggesting that Justine Bibber and his management team evaluate and adopt the effective strategies of a legendary pop icon such as Justine Timberline. This would be a worthwhile consideration as Timberline has demonstrated one of the most successful transitions from teen pop to a sophisticated global sound. Timberline made his anticipated solo debut Justified in 2002 and released a follow up album Future Sex/Love Sounds in 2006, Inch delivered very mature and transcending sounds for that era in pop.The music represented a departure from his time with popular boy band NCSC, and included complex lyrical structure and production that supported the critically acclaimed status it has achieved today. In contrast to this sophistication, Timberline has been able to maintain a rebellious image through actions such as dating high-profile celebrities like Brittany Spears, referencing sexual content in his lyrics, and playing the insubordinate protagonist in films such as In T ime.As celebrities are looked upon as heroes by their fan base, and must control the expectations of multiple stakeholders, we believe that Justine Timberline has been able to resolve the conflicts presented in the heroic masculinity page 17 model as seen in Appendix B. Through proper image management, and strategic nonconformist action, Timberline has been able to express himself as the atypical heroic male, simultaneously portraying the roles of the breadwinner and the rebel. Lusting Bibber has mismanaged many of his attempts at rebellion, by creating a disparity between his image as a kind, philanthropic individual, and his isolatedIncidents that have generated negative media attention. Some of these rebellious consumption, and outlandish outburst with British paparazzi. In contrast with Justine Timberline, these rebellious incidents were unable to stimulate positive perceptions Ninth his current fan base, as well as attract intrigue from an alternative fan base. Lusting Bibber needs to find more creative ways of integrating his personal non- conformist actions into his already established image but does not necessarily need to mimic the exact actions of Timberline.Instead, he should copy the framework put place by Timberline, and fill it with his own unique experiences to resolve the conflict between individual expression and traditional pop culture ideology. Alternative Two: Status Quo Lusting Bribers management team has accepted his stardom and ident ified his success with his individualistic approach to interacting with his Believers and media outlets alike. This genuine approach has created a personable relationship between Justine Bibber and his many stakeholders. This has been effective in his ascent into pop stardom because there were limited external influences that could enervate bad publicity during his early to middle years as a teenager. The support of friends and accompanying of family during tours and public appearances allowed Lusting Bibber to stay grounded and out of troubles way. As his freedom and independence increases, Justine Bibber is responsible for his own decision making. Irish stimulates a concern for his brand as a 19 year old with over $100 million who is bound to take risks, experiment, and enjoy Page 18 the wealth he has created.Although, this may support the most accurate display of Individualism, Justine Bibber must recognize that negative publicity comes with the rewriter of hanging out with friends that smoke weed, race sports cars, and party in the Hollywood Hills. In recent weeks, Justine has been feeding content to the media outlets as he threatened a paparazzi, had his monkey confiscated at an airport, and Nas reported to have spit in his neighbors face after a disagreement. This behavior is unacceptable for a teen pop sensation that has been molded into a role model for [Tout all across the world. There is a certain level of expectation that Justine Bibber has to meet, regardless of whether or not he feels he is doing something wrong. The status quo alternative lets Justine Bibber grow and experience the world freely, which delivers the most authentic product to his fans and potential fans. It allows him to make mistakes in the public eye and suffer the consequences of those bad decisions, Inch supports the overall Journey he has taken with his fans. Even though, it may lead to a decline in his popularity it may help to redefine the brand as it was naturally supposed to be perceived.The negative impact of the status quo may be the reduction of music quality, which can be seen by his attempt to enter into urban USIA with a rap over fellow friend Bee Majors sex provoking record called, Lowly. This musical feature is misaligned with Justine Bribers future development and career path, which testifies the great amount of concern associated with him making his own decisions. It is c lear that pre-adulthood is a critical time to reshaping the brand and evolving his musical sound. Justine Bibber must become more aware of his traditional pop culture ideology.Alternative Three: Tell a Better Story Many celebrities have had to face the consequences of bad publicity as a result of undesirable action. The individuals public relations team then becomes of great importance, as Page 19 they struggle to control the flow of unfavorable content transferred through the media to the individuals many stakeholders. However, sometimes the amount of negative publicity is too frequent in a small period of time, that consumers in the marketplace begin to observe the incidents as a pattern of detrimental behavior that represent a descent in the career of the celebrity and a tarnishing of their image.A story is unveiled by the media as the events unfold, and from these events, a aromatic theme is created, which represents the perceptions that individuals have about the underlying causes of the pattern of behavior. For Bibber, his most recent actions, including that of the alleged altercation with his neighbor, showing up to the airport shirtless, and his tantrum with British paparazzi, paints a picture of a pop icon who has allowed stardom to consume him as a person, leading to rebellious behavior that questions the authenticity of him as a kind, philanthropic individual.In this sense, not only is it causing his fan base to view him negatively, his brand, if not ropey managed can begin to become artificial. Outsiders may view Justine Bibber as teenager who had managed to fool the media for an extended period of time, and is only now being revealed as this inauthentic product. However, instead of looking at this as a problem, Bribers management team could see this as an opportunity to portray him as a person who is overcoming a series of adverse situations to reinvent himself and return to his position as a global role model.In addition, the management team could recognize that this is not the first occasion that Justine bibber has been perceived as illegitimate. As Bibber was reaching stardom, many of his critics felt that he was a manmade star with no actual talent or passion for his Nor. His manager answered these critics with the documentary Never Say Never AD and a collection of Youth videos that portrayed the making of his most recent album Believe. This helped to reverse the negative perceptions that the media had attempted to fabricate about his brand.To address the current issu es that have page 110 placed Bibber under recent examination, his management team could construct a narrative that categorizes all of these events as inevitable occurrences of a teenager tempting to transition into adulthood by discovering his true identity. Playing off his previous legitimating, Bibber could solidify himself as a pop star who continually silences his critics and prove that his authenticity is the strongest asset to merging his individualism with traditional pop culture norms.Decision Criteria: the basis for evaluation of our alternatives: economic profitability, brand equity, the ability to exploit new fan segments, and the ease of implementation. Our alternative should continue to ensure the financial success of Justine Bibber and consider the pact it has on his potential career earnings. Regardless of the decision we make, our goal is to maintain and improve Bribers brand equity in light of recent problems that he has faced in the media.As his current fan base will eventually saturate, the ability to create a new fan base will ensure his relevance in the music industry in Hears to come. Lastly, any plan put in place by management should be fairly easy to Implement, as their scheduling and timing is already very limit ed. Alternative 1 Rota I Alternative 3 4 (0. 6) 5 (1. 5) (1. 75) 2 (0. 4) Economic Profitability (15%) rand Equity (30%) Exploiting New Fan Segments (35%) Ease of Implementation (20%) Alternative 2 3 (0. 45) 2 (0. 6) I (0. 35) 2 (0. 70) 3 (0. 6) 4. 25 2. 4 3. Implementation: Based on our evaluation of the alternatives through the use of our decision criteria, following a Page Ill framework put in place by one of the most successful pop artists ever known to the music industry in Justine Timberline, Bibber will be able to exploit new fan segments, develop stronger brand equity, and ensure future financial success. The alternative highlights a key aspect of male celebrities as heroic icons, as it helps to reconcile the wow prevailing identities of masculinity, namely the breadwinner and the rebel.By mitigating the disparity between these two images, and integrating each concept into an all-encompassing marketing strategy, Bibber would not only be able to express the individualism (and thus rebellious side) that results from transitioning to adulthood, but do so in a positive manner. Thus, he will be able to continue to express his individuality, which has been so crucial to his success, while remaining under traditional pop culture ideology.The implementation of this plan would require three hashes: transition into a new sound and image, performing actions in the marketplace that solidify the new positioning and evaluate/reassess the plan to ensure its continued success. In terms of his sound and image, Bibber would need to recognize that his teen heartthrob persona will not uphold into the adult stage of his lifestyle, and that eventually consumers will demand higher quality music that reflects the evolution of himself as an artist. This stage presents Bibber with the opportunity to create a more sophisticated, well-rounded sound and image that depicts a more mature artist. Stint Timberline attained these musical goals by partnering with legendary producers and songwriters to create new sounds and melodies that the pop genre Nas previously unfamiliar with. Jus tine Bibber can emulate this formula by leveraging his current success and sales power to work with classical artists such Prince and Elton John or even producers such as Dry. Luke. Xiii It is important that when he re- establishes his music that he still has ties to his former sound and sense of playfulness, as this will form the basis of authenticating this new image, all the whileIntroducing this bad-ass or rebellion characteristics that will define him as a page 112 masculine hero. This will allow him to maintain his current fan base as well. Justine lyrical content must be universal and resonate with an older audience by containing experience and emotions that is reflective of common challenges adults go through. Ere pop icon needs to tell his story but also the story of millions who are unable to have their voice heard. This strategic approach will foster creative development and allow him to reach new age demographics.To ensure that this new image maintains s sincerity in the marketplace, Bibber would have to perform other actions in the marketplace that would support the transition into his new persona. These would include things such as guest appearanc es on certain television shows, associating himself as a spokesperson for certain brands, and potentially landing a major role in framework by accepting lead and supporting actor roles in movies such as In Time and Social Networkxiv. This would help to appeal to his newly acquired fan base that resulted from his image change, as well as convert skeptics who believed that is image change was a publicity stunt. Justine Bibber could balance his trendy Anaerobe with classic pieces from high fashion collections such as Versa and Louis vitiation. He can work will Jewelers like Michael Jackson did to create timeless designs that could be integrated into performance wear and casual clothing.Most importantly, Justine Bibber needs to develop a signature dance move that will serve as both rebellious in terms of sexual association, and challenging for the average fan or dancer to replicate similarly to the Moonwalk xv. The objective will be to create a humbly that is representative of Justine Bibber as an entertainer and performer. Ere last step would be to assess the effectiveness of the plan that has been put in place and re-assess whether the image overhaul has managed to produce actionable results.This would include asse ssing the increase in his core fan base, an evaluation of the perceptions both critics and page 113 consumers alike have in the marketplace. It must also include the identification of any further action that is required to achieve the established objectives. Justine Timberline is known for taking hiatus from music since his second album, thus when elk sparked of his return, the digital music community and entertainment media Net a buzz.The anticipation was significant as his fan base and newer audiences Newer hungry to here how the super talent would evolve on his latest project considering it had taken him 8 years to return. His third album, The 20/20 Experience, debuted at #1 and sold 968,000 copies in its first week. The album received critical acclaim early and is a testament to an effective formula that can be characterized for Justine Bibber as less music is more music.The teen sensation would consider a similar strategy by prolonging his 3 rd album for a period to build demand and focus on enhancing other aspects of his career like acting and collaborations with legendary musicians to gain further credibility. Jus tine Bibber must take time developing and writing for his next album to ensure that the project serves as basis to grow his fan base by attract older listeners and supporters. In sum, this solution will allow Justine Bibber to avoid losing his relevance in the music industry and resolving the clash between traditional pop culture ideology and his growing expression of his individualism. Appendix C: Time Frame) Page 114 Appendix: Appendix A: Porters Five Forces: arraigning Power of Suppliers Consists of how music labels get access to music in the music industry (artists and their managers) artists high as well The ability to self-promote through the artists website has eliminated the need for extra services from record labels (promotion, distribution, and sales) Bargaining err of Customers Corporate customers include online and offline retailers and can be considered low since prices are usually agreed upon before the contract signing.

Lola Movie

Lola Movie Introduction The film Lola is part of Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s BRD Trilogy. It is the second in the said trilogy with The Marriage of Maria Braun being the first and Veronika Voss the last. The story is about corruption. Ten years after the World War 2 in West Germany in the city of Coburg we find a local building contractor named Schuckert enjoying the benefits of the town’s building contracts through bribes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lola Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The man has been involved in shady businesses for quite some time now but he is threatened by the arrival of the city’s new building commissioner, Von Bohm. Von Bohm as Schuckert would describe is a high minded modern man with old-fashioned principles. Schuckert is afraid that his business will be endangered by Von Bohm. Meanwhile a single mother singer/ prostitute by the name of Lola is Schuckert’s persona l whore. She became intrigued with Von Bohm. She became very curious of the man because she had heard many saying Von Bohm was different from other corrupt people in the said area. Von Bohm was described by many as someone with high principles. Von Bohm on the other hand planed to gradually change the system and by slowly eliminating the corrupt group of people. This group included Schuckert but his plans did not pushed through when he fell in love with Lola. He was sucked in to the world of corruption when he married the single mother, giving her the control of decision making. At the end of the movie we see Lola and Schuckert going to bed after the former got married to Von Bohm. This paper aims to provide a critical film review of Fassbinder’s second BRB Trilogy, Lola. Its objective is to present an analysis of the film in terms of its interpretation of the corruptions after the World War 2 and its portrayal of West Germany’s Economic Miracle. An analysis in terms o f the films technical aspect such as mise en scenes, performance of the actors and the editing of the film will be a central topic of the said paper. BRB Trilogy The BRB Trilogy is the masterpiece of German director Rainer Werner Fassbinder. It is composed of The Marriage of Maria Braun, Lola and Veronika Voss. The tile of the trilogy, BRB, is an acronym which stands for Bundersrepublik Deutschlang which is the official name of West Germany (Grisham). Though the three films are in no order related to each other in terms of narratives, they are all connected via a central theme which is the wealthy and the corrupts in post- World War 2 West Germany. The first film, The Marriage of Maria Brauna, tells the story of Maria Brauna. Maria had a rush marriage with a man before he was sent to war to battle the advancing of the Allies.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Maria was to ld that her husband had died in the war. After hearing such devastating news she became the lover of an African-American soldier. Unexpectedly her husband returned shocking the lady of him being alive. Maria killed her lover in a fight and later her husband took the blame of her crime. In the film Maria became the assistant and mistress of a wealthy entrepreneur (Isaac). The second film is Lola. It is about an upright building commissioner who is new in office. He aims to fight the corruption in the industry but ended up being part of the very corruption he wanted to fight when he fell in love with a prostitute and private whore of his enemy Schuckert. The third film is about a film actress by the name of Veronika Voss. The title of the film is the name of the actress. The film revolves around a sports reporter discovering that the actress was under the influence of a villainous doctor. The doctor keeps Veronika addicted to opiates and tales advantage of her wealth. In the end despi te the reporter’s attempts to save the film actress, she met a terrible end (Clark). The three films are set in post-World War 2 West Germany during the economic miracle of the 1950s (Germany – The Economic Miracle). The main characters of the films were women who represented different people during the 1950s. The main message of the director, Fassbinder was to portray how West Germany was after the war. All three films have unifying elements such as the theme of forgetting the past and moving forward with the future, the question looming in each film of who were the benefactors of the economic miracle (The German Economic Miracle) and lastly the presence of African American soldiers. The first element is the theme of forgetting the past and moving forward with the future is common among three films because Nazi officials still hold positions in the government and have still political power in their hands. The second element is the view of the director that for every g ain one attains, a lost occurs to another. Maria Brauna is someone who gained from the economic miracle while Veronika Voss lost allot in the same situation. As for Lola she took advantage of her position to attain economic progress and power. Mise en Scene Analyzing the mise en scene of the film, Lola we can find that the composition of the movie was quite organize. For every scene the director would use a fading background to cut a certain scene. It is quite amusing that the audience would be signaled to be prepared for the next scene of the film because of fading background music and the screen would slowly dim to the darkness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lola Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The movie was well composed where everything was organized for the audience to fully understand the situation of the characters. The film opened with the main character, Lola, the singer/ prostitute in her bedroom having a conversation with the local developer about the new building commissioner. The first scenes of the film were properly laid out serving as the introduction for its audience. The characters were introduced well with the mayor being the puppet of the developer. The importance of the whorehouse was also highlighted as all the powerful gentlemen in the story were always found in the place. The sets were very much beautiful and well planned. The whorehouse for one was made very colorful with the right props and the stage where Lola, the main character sang from time to time. The place looked very sophisticated and has adopted the aura of the 1950s which the film was set. The same goes with the other sets of the film namely the apartment of von Bohm, the office of the building commissioner, the office of the mayor, the outside area of the main city where protesters have their demonstrations and the restaurant where the characters dined. The sets were all themed to fit the era of t he 1950s. In terms costumes I have noticed that all the characters were well dressed according to the said times. There was even a scene where von Bohm bought a new suite for his stroll with Lola. He asked his housekeeper how he looked and the lady answered him that he looked different in a sporty way but the design of his suite was very English. This particular scene caught my attention because the English were always the rivals of the Germans. Though von Bohm considered the comment of the housekeeper as a complement, the director of the film gave a meaning to such as being more of a bad thing being English. It was later confirmed by Lola that being the fact that von Bohm wore a different shirt was considered fake and corrupt. My guess is that the director had those same opinions about the English. For the props, the film was very detailed with every single prop in the set. Lola’s room for one was filled with materials one would expect from a prostitute’s room in the 1950s. The detail was highlighted by dolls Lola had in her room which she was very fond of. Another detail found in the film was when von Bohm bought a television.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It only had one channel but in the future they might be able to acquire another making the total channels available for viewing two. In this particular scene an African-American soldier, a neighbor of von Bohm, appeared in the scene. The guest commented that in America they have twelve channels available to them for viewing and that compared to the Germans that they can only see the broadcast starting 08:00AM in America they can view broadcasts anytime. This particular scene depicted how Germany was lagging behind the United States and that the presence of the African-American soldier signaled the presence of the Americans in West Germany after the war. The lighting of the film was very colorful, an advantage of the late 1970s and 1980s when the film was made. The director took advantage of the tricolor technology thus Lola was very vibrant. The lighting captured the moods of the characters and gave an aura of the personalities of each of the casts. An example is Lola’s room where the lighting is a bit dark but with some portions of light illuminating the room. It gave the scenes that the character was in the dark but she lives in a colorful way, hoping to have a bright future for her daughter. The lighting of the brothel also gave a sense that the place was a dream come true where men were free to sin. There were more red lights in the whorehouse, a sign that evil things were done in the place. The actors were well picked as they all fitted the temperament and likings of their characters. Each portrayed their parts well as they brought their characters to life on screen. Lola was portrayed as a beautiful blonde bombshell. She is irritable to any man who meets her. Schuckert who is the corrupt but wealthy building contractor was a chubby man with a bearded. The actor gave justice to his part as he was indeed portrayed to be evil and corrupt. A well liked man for the wrong reason. Lastly von Bohm being described as a man in his 40s with principle was pla yed well as he had grey receding hair but has a face of a man of principle and respect. All actors fitted well in their given parts and I’m glad to say that I myself was satisfied with the casting. Performance The director has planned the film well as the results were impressive. The organized set design and lighting together with the costumes which brought the actors to light, Fassbinder was able to capture the situation of West Germany during the economic miracle period. The performances of the actors were believable and it captivated the hearts of the audience. In the end everything became very realistic. The ending was not very fictional but depicted the real life ending most people go through in their lives. One particular scene perhaps captured my attention, the scene where von Bohm discovered that the subject of his affection, Lola, was a prostitute. I found this particular scene funny as the man fled due to despair and shock upon finding out that Lola was a singer/ pr ostitute, worse a private whore of his enemy, Schuckert. I honestly found the acting of the actor overly dramatic as he bolted out of the whorehouse. I was expecting more of a silent shock and a cold and chilly departure due to anger and despair. Everyone’s performance was quite believable and impressive except for the actor who played van Bohm. His initial portrayal of his character was good but as he became obsessed with Lola I found him to be quite overly reactive and sensitive which does not suite his aura at all. It was awkward but then when I really think about it maybe it is his way of showing how love blinds a man (Jones). The most impressive actors I would say were the ones who played Lola and Schuckert as they portrayed believable characters who are human at indeed as they also became emotional but managed to keep their cunning and corrupt sides intact. The performances of the characters were unique in a sense that everyone made their characters distinct which gave recall and instilled fondness among the audience. Another interesting character was the secretary of von Bohm who brought comical senses in the serious film with her whimsy behaviors. Editing The way the film was edited was very good. Each scene ended with a diming background and music but I found it quite unusual for it cuts the audience’s line of thought. It is a bit different from the usual movies I have seen in cinemas and at home. Lola is a unique film. One of its unique features is its editing element where the director, producers and the crew made sure that the film organized the thoughts of its audience upon seeing it. It was like reading chapters of a book where each topic is segregated and separated. Issues were tackled one by one and as the plot deepens it was so easy for the audience to detect what changed in the sequence. Te film was edited in a unique way indeed and also in a sense very dramatic as the director cuts the tension of scenes and leaves the audience in awe and desperation to know what would come next. The films in the 1950s can be of great comparison to the editing of Lola where Hollywood films during that time have the same manner of editing style as Lola. Conclusion The film Lola is part of Fassbinder’s BRB Trilogy. The said trilogy portrays and focuses on post World War 2 West Germany’s economic miracle. Lola is a film about the rampant corruption and control of political will and wealth of the rich in the city of Coburg. It is about a prostitute, Lola, who seduces the new and righteous building commissioner to the advantage of her long time financer and father of her illegitimate child. The film opened with Lola being very curious of the new building commissioner because Schuckert was very worried that the new guy would compromise his plans and would be a problem in his shady business. Lola is challenged to make the man fall for her despite her peers’ comments that he is not for her. As she seduced the man she learned that with her charm she can gain economic advantages at the same time be the shadow of a powerful man. The film is a masterpiece which depicts the realities of the rampant corruption during the economic miracle in post war West Germany. The director had mixed fiction with historical fact to deliver a work of art that is scandalous and daring in the industry. Lola is not just a film about power and corruption but it is also a film that questions the activities of West Germany in the 1950s. What was Germany trying to do â€Å"forgetting† the Nazi reign by allowing former Nazi powers to have high political positions in government? What is the significance of African-American soldiers in West Germany? Clark, Jim 2007, Veronika Voss Film Review. Web. http://jclarkmedia.com/fassbinder/fassbinder34and39and40.html#veronikavoss. Germany – The Economic Miracle 1998. Web. germanculture.com.ua/library/facts/bl_economic_miracle.htm. Grisham, Therese 2012, Processes of Subjectification in Fassbinder’s I Only Want You to Love Me. PDF File. 16 April 2012. http://depaul.academia.edu/ThereseGrisham/Papers/190690/Processes_of_Subjectification_In_Fassbinders_I_Only_Want_You_to_Love_Me#v=onepageq=werner%20fassbinder%20economic%20miraclef=false. Isaac, Dan 1982, Rainer Werner Fassbinder Criticism. PDF File. 16 April 2012. enotes.com/rainer-werner-fassbinder-criticism/fassbinder-rainer-werner/dan-isaac. Jones, Kent. n.d. Heartbreak House: Fassbinder;s BRD Trilogy. n.d. Web. criterion.com/current/posts/1046-heartbreak-house-fassbinder-s-brd-trilogy. The German Economic Miracle 2009. Web. investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/german-economic-miracle.asp#axzz1rxT8j4Bt.

Ian Brady and Myra Hindley and the Moors Murders

Ian Brady and Myra Hindley and the Moors Murders In the 1960s, Ian Brady and his girlfriend, Myra Hindley, sexually abused and murdered young children and teens, then buried their bodies along the Saddleworth Moor, in what became known as the Moors Murders. Ian Bradys Childhood Years Ian Brady (birth name, Ian Duncan Stewart) was born on January 2, 1938, in Glasgow, Scotland. His mother, Peggy Stewart, was a 28-year-old single mother who worked as a waitress. His fathers identity is unknown. Unable to afford proper care for her son, Brady was placed in the care of Mary and John Sloan when he was four months old. Stewart continued to visit her son until he was 12, although she did not tell him she was his mother. Brady was a troublesome child and prone to throwing angry tantrums. The Sloans had four other children, and despite their efforts to make Brady feel he was part of their family, he remained distant and was unable to engage with others. A Troubled Teen Early on, despite his disciplinary problems, Brady demonstrated an above average intelligence. At age 12, he was accepted to Shawlands Academy in Glasgow, which was a secondary school for above-average students. Known for its pluralism, the academy offered Brady and environment, where despite his background, he could blend in with the multicultural and diverse student population. Brady was smart, but his laziness shadowed his academic success. He continued to detach himself from his peers and the normal activities of his age group. The only subject that seemed to captivate his interest was World War II. He became enthralled by the human atrocities that took place in Nazi Germany.   A Criminal Emerges By age 15, Brady had been to juvenile court twice for petty burglary. Forced to leave Shawlands Academy, he began working at a Govan shipyard. Within a year, he was arrested again for a series of small crimes, including threatening his girlfriend with a knife. To avoid being sent to a reform school, the courts agreed to place Brady on probation, but with the condition that he go and live with his birth mother. At the time, Peggy Stewart and her new husband Patrick Brady lived in Manchester. Brady moved in with the couple and took on his step-fathers name in an effort to solidify the feeling of being part of a family unit. Patrick worked as a fruit merchant and he helped Brady find a job at the Smithfield Market. For Brady, it was his chance to start a new life, but it did not last long. Brady remained a loner. His interest in sadism intensified by reading books on torture and sadomasochism, particularly the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche and Marquis de Sade. Within a year, he was arrested again for theft and sentenced to two years in a reformatory. No longer interested in making a legitimate living, he used the time of his incarceration to educate himself about crime.   Brady and Myra Hindley Brady was released from the reformatory in November 1957 and he moved back to his mothers home in Manchester. He had various labor-intensive jobs, all of which he hated. Deciding he needed a desk job, he taught himself bookkeeping with training manuals he obtained from the public library. At age 20, he got an entry-level bookkeeping job at Millwards Merchandising in Gorton. Brady was a reliable, yet a fairly unremarkable employee. Other than being known for having a bad temper, not much office chatter was spilled in his direction, with one exception. One of the secretaries, 20-year-old Myra Hindley, had a deep crush on him and tried various ways to get his attention. He responded to her much like he did everyone around him disinterested, detached and somewhat superior. After a year of being a relentless flirt, Myra finally got Brady to notice her and he asked her out on a date. From that point on, the two were inseparable. Myra Hindley Myra Hindley was raised in an impoverished home with abusive parents. Her father was an ex-military alcoholic and tough disciplinarian. He believed in an eye-for-an-eye and at an early age taught Hindley how to fight. To win her fathers approval, which she desperately wanted, she would physically confront the male bullies at school, often leaving them bruised and with swollen eyes. As Hindley got older she seemed to break the mold and she gained a reputation as being a somewhat shy and reserved young woman. At the age of 16, she began taking instructions for her formal reception into the Catholic Church and had her first communion in 1958. Friends and neighbors described Hindley as being reliable, good and trustworthy. The Relationship It took just one date for Brady and Hindley to realize that they were soul mates. In their relationship, Brady took the role of the teacher and Hindley was the  dutiful student. Together they would read Nietzsche, Mein Kampf and de Sade. They spent hours watching x-rated movies and looking at pornographic magazines. Hindley quit attending church services when Brady told her there was no God. Brady was Hindleys first lover and she was often left to tend to her bruises and bite marks that came during their lovemaking sessions. He would occasionally drug her, then pose her body in various pornographic positions and take pictures that he would then share with her later. Hindley became fixated on being Aryan and dyed her hair blonde. She changed her style of clothing based on Bradys desires. She distanced herself from friends and family and often avoided answering questions about her relationship with Brady. As Bradys control over Hindley increased, so did his outrages demands, which she would make every effort to satisfy without question. For Brady, it meant he had found a partner who was willing to venture into a sadistic, macabre world where rape and murder was the ultimate pleasure. For Hindley it meant experiencing pleasure from their perverse and brutal world, yet avoiding the guilt for those desires since she was under Bradys control. July 12, 1963 Pauline Reade, age 16, was walking down the street at around 8 p.m. when Hindley pulled over in a van she was driving and asked her to help her find a glove that she had lost. Reade was friends with Hindleys younger sister and agreed to help. According to Hindley, she drove to the Saddleworth Moor and Brady met the two shortly afterward. He took Reade onto the moor where he beat, raped and murdered her by slashing her throat, and then together they buried the body.  According to Brady, Hindley participated in the sexual assault. November 23, 1963 John Kilbride, age 12, was at a market in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, when he accepted a ride home from Brady and Hindley. They took him to the moor where Brady raped then strangled the boy to death. June 16, 1964 Keith Bennett, age 12, was walking to his grandmothers house when Hindley approached him and asked for his help in loading boxes into her truck, and where Brady was waiting. They offered to drive the boy to his grandmothers house, but instead they took him to Saddleworth Moor where Brady led him to a gully, then raped, beat and strangled him to death, then buried him. December 26, 1964 Lesley Ann Downey, age 10, was celebrating Boxing Day at the fairgrounds when Hindley and Brady approached her and asked her to help them load packages into their car and then into their house. Once inside the house, the couple undressed and gagged the child, forced her to pose for pictures, then raped and strangled her to death. The following day they buried her body on the moors. Maureen and David Smith Hindleys younger sister Maureen and her husband David Smith started hanging around with Hindley and Brady, especially after they moved close to one another. Smith was no stranger to crime and he and Brady would often talk about how they could rob banks together. Smith also admired Bradys political knowledge and Brady enjoyed the attention. He took on the role of mentor and would read Smith passages of Mein Kampf  much as he had with Myra when they first began dating. Unknown to Smith, Bradys real intentions went beyond feeding the younger mans intellect. He was actually priming Smith so that he would eventually participate in the couples ghastly crimes. As it turned out, Bradys belief that he could manipulate Smith into becoming a willing partner was dead wrong. October 6, 1965 Edward Evans, age 17, was lured from Manchester Central to Hindley and Bradys home with the promise of relaxation and wine. Brady had seen Evans before in a gay bar he had cruised looking for victims. Introducing Hindley as his sister, the three drove to Hindley and Bradys home, which would ultimately become the scene of where Evans would suffer a horrific death. A Witness Comes Forward In the early morning hours of October 7, 1965, David Smith, armed with a kitchen knife, walked to a public phone and called the police station to report a murder that he had witnessed earlier in the evening.   He told the officer on duty that he was in Hindley and Bradys home when he saw Brady attack a young man with an ax, repeatedly striking him while the man screamed in agony. Shocked and frightened that he would become their next victim, Smith helped the couple clean up the blood, then wrapped the victim in a sheet and placed it in an upstairs bedroom. He then promised to return the next evening to help them dispose of the body. The Evidence Within hours of Smiths call, the police searched the Brady home and found Evans body. Under interrogation, Brady insisted that he and Evans got into a fight and that he and Smith murdered Evans and that Hindley was not involved. Brady was arrested for murder and Hindley was arrested four days later as an accessory to murder. Pictures Dont Lie David Smith told the investigators that Brady had stuffed items into a suitcase, but that he did not know where it was hidden. He suggested that maybe it was at the railway station. The police searched the lockers at Manchester Central and found the suitcase which contained pornographic pictures of a young girl and a tape recording of her screaming for help. The girl in the pictures and on the tape was identified as Lesley Ann Downey. The name, John Kilbride, was also found written in a book. There were several hundred pictures in the couples home, including several taken on Saddleworth Moor. Suspecting that the couple had been involved in some of the cases of missing children, a search party of the moors was organized. During the search, the bodies of Lesley Ann Downey and John Kilbride were found. Trial and Sentencing Brady was charged with murdering Edward Evans, John Kilbride, and Lesley Ann Downey. Hindley was charged with murdering Edward Evans and Lesley Ann Downey, and for harboring Brady after she knew he had killed John Kilbride. Both Brady and Hindley pleaded not guilty. David Smith was the prosecutors number one witness until it was discovered that he had entered into a monetary agreement with a newspaper for the exclusive rights to his story if the couple was found guilty. Prior to the trial, the newspaper had paid for the Smiths to go on a trip to France and provided them with a weekly income. They also paid for Smith to stay in a five-star hotel during the trial. Under duress, Smith finally disclosed the News of the World as the newspaper. On the witness stand, Brady admitted to hitting Evans with the ax, but not doing it with the intention of murdering him.   After listening to the tape recording of Lesley Ann Downey and clearly hearing the voices of Brady and Hindley in the background, Hindley admitted that she was brusque and cruel in her treatment of the child because she was afraid that someone might hear her screams. As to the other crimes committed on the child, Hindley claimed to be in another room or looking out of the window. On May 6, 1966, the jury took two hours of deliberation before returning a verdict of guilty of all charges for both Brady and Hindley.  Brady was sentenced to three terms of life imprisonment and Hindley received two life sentences and a concurrent seven-year sentence. Later Confessions and Discoveries After spending almost 20 years in prison, Brady allegedly confessed to the murders of Pauline Reade and Keith Bennett, while he was being interviewed by a newspaper journalist. Based on that information, the police reopened their investigation, but when they went to interview Brady he was described as scornful and uncooperative. In November 1986, Hindley received a letter from Winnie Johnson, Keith Bennetts mother, in which she begged Hindley to give her any information about what happened to her son. As a result, Hindley agreed to look at photos and maps to identify places she had been with Brady. Later Hindley was taken to Saddleworth Moor but was unable to identify anything that helped the investigation of the missing children. On February 10, 1987, Hindley made a taped confession to her involvement in the murders of Pauline Reade, John Kilbride, Keith Bennett, Lesley Ann Downey, and Edward Evans. She did not confess to being present during the actual murders of any of the victims. When Brady was told of Hindleys confession he did not believe it.  But once he was given details that only he and Hindley knew, he knew that she had confessed. He also agreed to confess, but with a condition that could not be met, which was a way to kill himself after confessing. Hindley again visited the moor in March 1987, and although she was able to confirm that the area that was being searched was on target, she could not identify the exact locations of where the children were buried. On July 1, 1987, Pauline Reades body was found buried in a shallow grave, close to where Brady had buried Lesley Ann Downey.   Two days later, Brady was taken to the moor but claimed that the landscape had changed too much and he was unable to help in the search for Keith Bennetts body. The following month the search was called off indefinitely.   Aftermath Ian Brady spent the first 19 years of his incarceration at Durham Prison. In November 1985, he was moved to the Ashworth Psychiatric Hospital after being diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic. Myra Hindley suffered a brain aneurysm in 1999 and died in prison on November 15, 2002, from complications brought on by heart disease. Reportedly, over 20 undertakers refused to cremate her remains. The case of Brady and Hindley is considered one of the most grisly serial crimes in Great Britain history.

Management in eco-friendly organizations (Benefits of Going Green) Essay

Management in eco-friendly organizations (Benefits of Going Green) - Essay Example To ensure eco-friendly organizations, the management must be committed to implementing green strategies and ensuring ethical leadership. The organization structure determines the kind of relationship the management has with employees, customers, stockholders and the community as a whole. Besides maximizing profits for the shareholders, the management should ensure it is operating ethically and is socially responsible (Berman et al. 1999). By implementing green strategies costs are reduced, the company gains reputation, workers work in a healthy environment thus improving their productivity, the company can attract and retain highly qualified employees and engage in constant innovations hence remain competitive in the market (Crawford et al. 2008). The paper will discuss the benefits that various industries achieve by enacting green strategies in their operations. Benefits of Going Green Various industries achieve different benefits from utilizing environment friendly operations. Global warming is rampant due to greenhouse gas emissions especially from the manufacturing and vehicle industries. The manner in which business premises are constructed also contribute to gas emissions as a result of the materials used, the lighting, heating and cooling systems inside the building as well as transportation of building materials (Crawford et al. 2008). Most companies however, are trying to reduce the emissions by putting up environmental friendly buildings. Reduction of carbon emissions is also necessary if the environment has to be conserved. One of the companies in the vehicle manufacture industry has done a lot over the years to ensure sustainable environment. Honda Motor Company with its headquarters in Japan is one of the leading companies in implementing environmentally friendly policies. It specializes in motorcycles, automobiles and power products. It has 176, 815 c onsolidated employees and 26,121 unconsolidated employees. Its new global environmental slogan is â€Å"Blue skies for our children† (Honda.com, 2011). According to Pride et al (2010), Honda is committed to reduction of pollution, conservation of water and energy, recycling, reduced carbon emissions and production of fuel efficient vehicles. It has produced natural gas powered civic CIX and hydrogen full cell cars FCX which are environmental friendly. As a result, the company has earned a lot of reputation and good will from the community and stakeholders. It is considered as one of the leading automakers in the vehicle industry. It has an environmental committee which oversees green strategies formulation and implementation. One of the benefits of going green for a company is thus is gaining outstanding reputation. Another company in the financial sector which has managed to gain much reputation from applying environment friendly policies is the Goldman

Tabletop Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Tabletop Exercise - Essay Example On 3rd May 1999, a series of tornadoes struck Oklahoma City, which are some of the most expensive in the history of the United States. They caused a damage of more than 1 billion dollars and destroyed more than 2500 structures. In less than 21 hours, a total of 21 tornadoes, swept though the states of Kansas and Oklahoma. There were as many as four tornadoes at one point reported on the ground simultaneously. The strongest and most destructive tornado was rated on the Fujita tornado scale as having a maximum F-5 and tracked for about one and a half hours through southern Oklahoma City from Chickasha and the neighborhoods of Newcastle, Bridge Creek, Del City, Midwest City, and Moore. There are various drills that should be adhered to in case a tornado strikes. However, there is need for the development of a policy on the appropriate standard procedure to be applied at local educational facilities in the vent of such a disaster. There is need for members of the administration of these institutions to be aware of their roles during tornadoes and similar disasters as they are not fully aware, and their skills have not been enhanced to handle such situations. This table top exercise experiment will offer an opportunity to members of the university of Oklahoma college administration and a group of students to learn the launching and use of incidence command system. The exercise should further identify the improvements and preparedness the institution needs, and provide a contribution to the emergency operation plans.

Struggle between good and evil Essay Example for Free

Struggle between good and evil Essay This is similar to Romantic poets as they often wrote about the idealization of nature. Robert Walton experiences the isolation of the North Pole. stretched out in every direction, vast and irregular plains of ice, which seemed to have no end. Shelley has used the isolation of Robert Walton in order for a bond to be created between Robert and Frankenstein. This in time would result in Frankenstein being able to converse and inform Walton about the Monster. Without the isolation of both Robert and Victor they wouldnt be able to relate to one another. Pathetic fallacy is often used in order to create the setting. Suddenly a heavy storm of rain descended. Just after the wedding between Elizabeth and Frankenstein when they are on the boat, Frankenstein becomes anxious and worried about the safety of Elizabeth, this is indicated by the weather. Suspense and mystery are often used in gothic literature. Mary generates a tension, suspense and anxiety before the monster comes. he worked for nearly two years For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. She is trying to show us how important and key event that is going to occur and how much it meant to Victor. She does this in order to bring a greater shock to the reader when she describes us of what a great disaster he has created. one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped and rushed downstairs. Here she gives us a deeper understanding of the scary atmosphere by saying how the monster was trying to kill his creator and just how awful, ruthless and hideous this monster really was. The Monster also declares a threat to Frankenstein after he destroys the female Monster that the Monster had asked him to create. It is well. I go; but remember, I shall be with you on your wedding-night. This threat is applied to generate a build up of suspense. This threat is also echoed in Frankensteins mind in anticipation of his actual wedding night. Maybe Mary Shelley is exploring her own history in Frankenstein by using the style of her fathers novels and her mothers ideas. From my personal view Mary Shelley doesnt only explore in Frankenstein an academic view, but the book explores a personal and emotional point of view. In other words, she is exploring the origins and nature of life itself in a radical sense. The gothic style provides her with a wonderful atmosphere in which to explore how the future can be thought about in the terms of the past. I also think that this novel written in 1818 can not discount the fact that it was written three years after Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815. What was put aside was the spectre of Napoleons desire to control the world as known then, we see the confrontation of the medieval megalomania being triumphed over. Perhaps, Shelley is using the gothic style in order to look to the future. Shelley makes use of rhetoric in order to persuade the reader. She does this by getting Robert Waltons isolation at the beginning, meeting the intermediate isolation of Frankenstein and the future isolation of the monster by allowing them to encounter each other in the gothic mode, hauntingly. Frankenstein the novel, illustrates the gothic by placing it in the context of a gothic castle where Frankenstein does his experiments. It looks back to the middle ages where the wild, the mystery, the horror, are used to chill the spine and curdle the blood. Mary Shelley uses a gothic style to explore the romanticism of the period by trying to explain life itself and how scary a question that is. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Herman Melvilles Moby Dick Essay -- Moby Dick Melville Death Essays

Herman Melville's "Moby Dick" In Moby Dick, by Herman Melville, a recurring theme of death is seen throughout the book. A coffin appears at the beginning of the book and at the end of the book, Ishmael sees a large oil painting that foreshadows and represents many things and events that follow in the book, and Fedallah makes a prophecy talking about hearses and predicts Ahab’s death. Ishmael stays at The Sprouter-Inn, whose proprietor was a man named Peter Coffin. In the end, Ishmael clings to a coffin for over a day until rescued by another boat. The picture Ishmael sees contains many things seen later in the book, such as a whale and a horrible storm. Fedallah’s prophecy of hearses and hemp prove to be true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moby Dick begins and ends with a coffin. At the beginning of the book, Ishmael talks to Peter Coffin, the proprietor of The Sprouter-Inn, for a place to stay. He does not have any open rooms so Ishmael is forced to room with Queequeg whom he does not meet until after he goes to sleep. When Queequeg walks in, Ishmael says, â€Å"Landlord, for God’s sake, Peter Coffin! Landlord! Watch! Coffin! Angels! save me!† (Melville, 23) This quotation foreshadows the event later in the story when Ishmael will again need a coffin’s help. In the epilogue, it is described, â€Å"the coffin life-buoy shot lengthwise from the sea, fell over, and floated by my side. Buoyed up by that coffin, for almost one whole day and night, I floated on a soft dirge-like main.† (Melvil...

Jasper Jones Essay

Values have been endorsed and challenged throughout the novel Jasper Jones written by Craig Silvey. The novel Jasper Jones was about a young, shy boy named Carlie who was confronted by an older, confident boy named Jasper Jones who needed his help. As Charlie says yes they set off into the night to where Jasper shows Charlie a young girl, Eliza Wishart, who has been beaten and hung. Throughout the novel they attempt to find out who has done this horrible act to Eliza. The values of equality and coming of age have been both endorsed and challenged. Values of equality, intelligence and acceptance of individuality have been both endorsed and challenged. The value of equality were endorsed through Jasper and Jeffery Lu who have experienced discrimination due to their differences. The values of intelligence and acceptance of individuality were both present through Charlie’s allusion and his differences. The value of equality being present within the character of Jeffery Lu was evident due to his characterisation. As he was a Japanese boy who lived in Australia during the time when there was large conflict between the Japanese and Australians. In the novel Jasper Jones you see Jeffery and the Lu family to be the recipient between of many racist acts towards them. â€Å"Jeffery’s parents are Vietnamese, so he’s ruthlessly bullied and belted about by the boys at school.† Through the characterisation of Jeffery it represents the way how Jeffery is being treated because of his differences, however he portrayed Jeffery to be a very lovable character in the novel. By doing this the readers like the character of Jeffery and reject the actions and discrimination that has been done upon him so they accept the value of equality. As Jeffery is represented to be unflappable which is portraying that all of the outcasts in the world to be strong and Silvey is depicting small Australian towns to be non-accepting of others with differences in race/ The readers are then challenging the values of the town and endorsing the values of equality. Jasper Jones has been shown by author Silvey to present the value of freedom. In the town of Corrigan Jasper is seen by the public to be a menace. All of the townspeople think that he is no good to society. With Jasper Jones you see the town’s people duality as they go around blaming everything that goes wrong in the town on him but cheer and shout his name out on the football field.

Political Climate of the 1970’s Essay

The 1970s were times of chaotic events held over from the chaos of the 1960s. The 70s brought Americans an end to the Vietnam War and a change in the political and social perspectives, another presidency term with Richard M. Nixon, and his policies of engagement, and the Watergate scandal, leading to the first resignation of an American President. The end of the Vietnam War led to political and social fallout around the globe, especially in America. All of the chaos of the 1970s also led Americans to have a changed perspective in their government. People were beginning to notice similarities between Nixon’s policies of engagement and strategies used during the Cold War, and the aftermath of the Watergate scandal led many American’s to doubt the role of their government and its power. In 1969, Nixon built his presidential campaign on the idea of ending the Vietnam War. Early in his administration, the president outlined a foreign policy based on a â€Å"low profile† and on reductions in the U.S. role abroad. Many believe this was the reason for Nixon’s election. Fed up with the war in Vietnam, Americans were ready to get our soldiers home. Nixon considered his engagement strategy â€Å"peace with honor.† Nixon’s priority was the settlement of the Vietnam crisis while using the â€Å"peace with honor† code. Nixon found an ally in Henry Kissinger who was the Nation Security Advisor and working together to end the crisis in Vietnam. One strategy was called â€Å"Vietnamization,† a carrot on a stick method, which would to gradually move the troops away and force the South Vietnamese to fight for themselves in order to advance peace talks in Paris. (Davidson et al., 2002 pg 895) The truth of the matter is that Nixon continued with the Vietnam War for nearly four more years. Nixon’s â€Å"peace with honor† code or â€Å"policy of engagement† was similar to Truman and the Cold War. Truman used the treat of nuclear arms attacks to scare the communist bloc from expanding. When the â€Å"peace with honor† code did not work, that is when Nixon took action on an earlier threat by using troops, force, and weapons. Nixon’s policy of engagement also differs somewhat from the strategies used by others during the Cold War. Where containment assumed a bipolar world, Nixon’s policy of detente saw the world as multi-polar. (Davidson et al., 2002, p. 907) By the end of March 1973, The Vietnam War had ended. All U.S. fighting forces  had been withdrawn. (â€Å"Vietnam War,† 2007) The political and social aftermath of the Vietnam War hit America almost immediately. In July 1971, for the first year in the century, it appeared that the U.S. would import more merchandise than it exported, and consequently it faced a severe deficit in its balance of payments. A federal budget deficit of about $20 billion was projected for fiscal 1971. In August, a crisis in world monetary stability was evident, and the value of the dollar was threatened for the second time in a year. (â€Å"The Vietnam War Period,† 2007) By the end of the 1970s, the National Debt was nearly $382 billion. From spending money during the war and cutting costs to federal programs, the nation was experiencing severe recession in 40 years. This recession affected many families, which became dual income households due to necessity. The government tried to fix this spiraling problem by raising minimum wage, but with each wage increase came inflation and higher unemployment rates. To curb this growing problem, reversing his previous refusal to impose price and wage controls, Nixon announced a 3-month freeze on wages, prices, and rents. (TVWP, 2007) Before Nixon had a chance to work on changing the economic problems in America he was surrounded by the Watergate scandal. From the fall of 1973 through the summer of 1974, the evidence steadily mounted that President Nixon himself was implicated in the Watergate burglary and its attempted cover-up, and that it was indeed only one aspect of a series of lawless acts committed by the administration. As a result, by the beginning of August 1974 the president was faced with imminent impeachment. He resigned on August 9, the first president of the U.S. to do so. (TVWP, 2007) Americans have come to believe the worst about government, politics, and politicians. It didn’t start with Watergate, but Watergate turned an erosion of public confidence into a collapse. The downturn came to a climax with Watergate. Americans saw a presidency disintegrate before their eyes, criminal conspiracies at the highest level of government and a president driven out of office. The effect on public trust was immediate and dramatic. Watergate crushed the public’s faith in government. In 1974, a little more than a third of Americans — 36 percent — said they still trusted the government. (Americans in the 1950s and 1960s saw there government as successful. They had led the country out of a depression and won a World War. The 1970s did  not carry that same prestige, instead the American public saw there elected leader in the center of a severe scandal, the worst recession in 40 years, and an embarrassing loss to an un-winnable war. Since Watergate, nothing has happened to restore public trust. (Bill, 1997). By the end of the 1970s, Americans were ready for change. The Vietnam War had ended, Nixon had resigned from office, and there was a lack of trust in government officials. Many Americans believed the 1980s were going to be that time of change. Nixon was a professional politician when elected president. Since that did not fare well, there was heightened contempt in professional politics. This created a market for outsiders and non-professionals for the job of Presidency. Many Americans today still crave for the Eisenhower or Kennedy era, but not since then has there been that kind of support for an elected president. Only when special interests groups stay out of politics or presidents remember they are leading by example will that return. Lets all hope that day will be sooner rather then later. References Vietnam War. (2007). _World Almanac Encyclopedia,_ Retrieved November 19, 2007 from facts.com database. Davidson, J. W., Gienapp, W. E., Heyrman, C. L., Lytle, M. H., & Stoff, M. B. (2002). _Nations of Nations: A Concise Narrative of the American Republic_ (3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. Bill Schneider, (1997). Cynicism Didn’t Start With Watergate. _allPolitics_. Retrieved November 19, 2007, from http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/ _United States of America: History–From Watergate Through the 2000 Election._ (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2007, from The World Almanac Encyclopedia @ FACTS.com database.

Robespierre Maximilien His Reason Behind the Terror essays

Robespierre Maximilien His Reason Behind the Terror essays Maximilien Robespierre: His Reason Behind the Terror No figure of the French Revolution has aroused so much controversy as that of Maximilien Robespierre. He is known to most people as the symbol of the Reign of Terror, a period where approximately 17,000 people died while enduring horrible prison conditions or were executed due to the mere suspicion of being a traitor. The question of whether or not these actions were rightfully justified is an important one. Robespierre seems to have thought so. I, however, will show that the use of terror by Robespierre during the French Revolution was not just or necessary, and that he was acting in his own best interest rather than the States. First to understand Robespierre it is important to look into his past. He was born on May 6, 1758 in the town of Arras to Francois Robespierre. Although he belonged to a poor family, he was able to study law in Paris by means of a scholarship. He was highly dedicated to his studies which left him isolated from companionship. Returning to Arras, he practiced law and gained a reputation. He then became familiar of the works of Jean Jacques Rousseaus theories of democracy, deism, and virtue (which Robespierre understood as civic morality). These beliefs eventually led to his epithet the Incorruptible (Lycos). In 1789 he was elected into the States-General and attached himself to the extreme left wing. His influence grew over the Jacobin Club and eventually he became its leader. In 1791 he made a law which stated that no member of the current Constituent Assembly would be able to sit in the following Legislative Assembly. For this, he was appointed Public Accuser. Robespierre opposed the Girondists war proposals in 1792 which caused him to lose popularity with the public. He resigned as Public Accuser and was then elected as first deputy for Paris to the National Convention where he was bitterly attacked by the Girondists. R...

Baron Friedrich Von Steuben in the American Revolution

Baron Friedrich Von Steuben in the American Revolution Friedrich Wilhelm August Heinrich Ferdinand von Steuben was born September 17, 1730, at Magdeburg. The son of Lieutenant Wilhelm von Steuben, a military engineer, and Elizabeth von Jagvodin, he spent some of his early years in Russia after his father was assigned to assist Czarina Anna. During this period he spent time in the Crimea as well as Kronstadt. Returning to Prussia in 1740, he received his education at the Lower Silesian towns of Neisse and Breslau (Wroclaw) before serving as a volunteer with his father for a year (1744) during the War of the Austrian Succession. Two years later, he officially entered the Prussian Army after turning 17. Baron von Steuben - Seven Years War: Initially assigned to the infantry, von Steuben sustained a wound at the Battle of Prague in 1757.   Proving an adept organizer, he received an appointment as battalion adjutant and earned a promotion to first lieutenant two years later. Wounded a the defeat at Kunersdorf in 1759, von Steuben again returned to action. Elevated to captain by 1761, von Steuben continued to see extensive service in the Prussian campaigns of the Seven Years War (1756-1763). Recognizing the young officers skill, Frederick the Great placed von Steuben on his personal staff as an aide-de-camp and in 1762 admitted him to the special class on warfare that he taught. Despite his impressive record, von Steuben found himself unemployed at the end of the war in 1763 when the Prussian Army was reduced to peacetime levels. Baron von Steuben - Hohenzollern-Hechingen: After several months of seeking employment, von Steuben received an appointment as hofmarschall (chancellor) to Josef Friedrich Wilhelm of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. Enjoying the comfortable lifestyle provided by this position, he was made a knight of the aristocratic Order of Fidelity by the Margrave of Baden in 1769. This was largely the result of a falsified lineage prepared by von Steubens father. Shortly thereafter, von Steuben began using the title baron. With the prince short on funds, he accompanied him to France in 1771 with the hope of securing a loan. Unsuccessful, they returned to Germany where through the early 1770s von Steuben remained in Hodenzollern-Hechingen despite the princes increasing decaying financial position. Baron von Steuben - Seeking Employment: In 1776, von Steuben was forced to leave due to rumors of alleged homosexuality and accusations of his having taken improper liberties with boys. Though no proof exists regarding von Steubens sexual orientation, the stories proved sufficiently powerful to compel him to seek new employment. Initial efforts to obtain a military commission in Austria and Baden failed, and he traveled to Paris to try his luck with the French. Seeking out the French Minister of War, Claude Louis, Comte de Saint-Germain, who had met previously in 1763, von Steuben again was unable to obtain a position. Though he had no use for von Steuben, Saint-Germain recommended him to Benjamin Franklin, citing von Steubens extensive staff experience with the Prussian Army. Though impressed with von Steubens credentials, Franklin and fellow American representative Silas Deane initially turned him down as they were under instructions from the Continental Congress to refuse foreign officers who could not speak English. Additionally, Congress had grown wearisome of dealing with foreign officers who often demanded high rank and exorbitant pay. Returning to Germany, von Steuben was again confronted with allegations of homosexuality and was ultimately lured back to Paris by an offer of free passage to America. Baron von Steuben - Coming to America: Again meeting with the Americans, he received letters of introduction from Franklin and Deane on the understanding that he would be a volunteer without rank and pay. Sailing from France with his Italian greyhound, Azor, and four companions, von Steuben arrived at Portsmouth, NH in December 1777. After almost being arrested due to their red uniforms, von Steuben and his party were lavishly entertained in Boston before departing Massachusetts. Traveling south, he presented himself to the Continental Congress at York, PA on February 5. Accepting his services, Congress directed him to join General George Washingtons Continental Army at Valley Forge. It also stated that payment for his service would be determined after the war and based upon his contributions during his tenure with the army. Arriving at Washingtons headquarters on February 23, he quickly impressed Washington though communication proved difficult as a translator was required. Baron von Steuben - Training an Army: In early March, Washington, seeking to take advantage of von Steubens Prussian experience, asked him to serve as inspector general and oversee the training and discipline of the army. He immediately commenced designing a training program for the army. Though he spoke no English, von Steuben began his program in March with the aid of interpreters. Beginning with a model company of 100 chosen men, von Steuben instructed them in drill, maneuver, and a simplified manual of arms. These 100 men were in turn sent out to other units to repeat the process and so on until the entire army was trained. In addition, von Steuben introduced a system of progressive training for recruits which educated them in the basics of soldiering. Surveying the encampment, von Steuben greatly improved sanitation by reorganizing the camp and repositioning kitchens and latrines. He also endeavored to improve the armys record keeping to minimize graft and profiteering. Highly impressed with von Steubens work, Washington successfully petitioned Congress to permanently appoint von Steuben inspector general with the rank and pay of a major general. This request was granted on May 5, 1778. The results of von Steubens training regimen immediately showed in the American performances at Barren Hill (May 20) and Monmouth (June 28). Baron von Steuben - Later War: Attached to Washingtons headquarters, von Steuben continued to work to improve the army. In the winter of 1778-1779, he wrote Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States which outlined training courses as well as general administrative procedures. Moving through numerous editions, this work remained in use up to the War of 1812. In September 1780, von Steuben served on the court-martial for British spy Major  John Andrà ©. Accused of espionage in relation to the defection of Major General Benedict Arnold, the court-martial found him guilty and sentenced him to death. Two months later, in November, von Steuben was sent south to Virginia to mobilize forces to support Major General Nathanael Greenes army in the Carolinas. Hampered by state officials and British raids, von Steuben struggled in this post and was defeated by Arnold at Blandford in April 1781. Replaced by the Marquis de Lafayette later that month, he moved south with a Continental force to join Greene despite the arrival of Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis army in the state. Criticized by the public, he halted on June 11 and moved to join Lafayette in opposing Cornwallis. Suffering from ill health, he elected to take sick leave later that summer. Recovering he rejoined Washingtons army on September 13 as it moved against Cornwallis at Yorktown. In the resulting Battle of Yorktown, he commanded a division. On October 17, his men were in the trenches when the British offer of surrender was received. Invoking European military etiquette, he ensured that his men had the honor of remaining in the lines until the final surrender was received. Baron von Steuben - Later Life: Though the fighting in North America was largely concluded, von Steuben spent the remaining years of the war working to improve the army as well as began designing plans for the postwar American military. With the end of the conflict, he resigned his commission in March 1784, and lacking potential employment in Europe decided to settle in New York City. Though he hoped to live a genteel life of retirement, Congress failed to give him a pension and granted only a small amount of his expense claims. Suffering from financial hardships, he was aided by friends such as Alexander Hamilton and Benjamin Walker. In 1790, Congress granted von Steuben a pension of $2,500. Though less than he had hoped, it allowed Hamilton and Walker to stabilize his finances. For the next four years, he split his time between New York City and a cabin near Utica, NY which he built on land given to him for his wartime service. In 1794, he permanently moved to the cabin and died there on November 28. Buried locally, his grave is now the site of Steuben Memorial State Historic Site. Sources National Park Service: Baron von SteubenFriedrich Wilhelm Von Steuben